5.2.2 - Brief History of Aleppo

Considered as one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, Aleppo is famous for its castle located on a high hill overlooking the areas of the old city, which has seven historical gates, some of them are still present till this date, and the most important of which is the Bab al-Faraj, Bab al-Hadid and Bab al-Nasr, as well as a large mosque called the Great Umayyad Mosque which also include the shrine of the Prophet Zechariah, peace be upon him .

Aleppo is an ancient city that has been mentioned by Remosh al-Akkadi Ibn Sarghun (2530-2515 BC), the founder of the first Semitic empire in the East after he seized it and captured its king. Aleppo witnessed its golden age during the reign of the Babylonian Hammurabi and also the Zemrilim king of Mary around 2000 BC, and then the civilizations such as the Hittites, Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Macedonians, Greeks, Seleucids, and Romans until the Muslims opened it in 637 AD, under the leadership of Khalid Ibn Al-Walid, thus started the eras of the Islamic Caliphate, including the Umayyad and Abbasid where the city witnessed a period of cultural, intellectual prosperity with significant progress in all fields.

During the reign of Prince Imad al-Din and his son Nur al-Din al-Zanki (523 / 1128 - 579 / 1260) Aleppo became the center of the Islamic resistance against the Franks, but it was greatly hit by the devastating earthquake in 565/1170 which destroyed much of it. However, Nur al-Din al-Zanki rebuilt it again and constructed many of its historical buildings and markets.

With the emergence of the Ayyubid dynasty (579 / 1183 - 659 / 1260), Aleppo was ruled by King al-Zahir Ghazi Ibn Salah al-Din, who wisely protected the city from the Franks, in addition to concluding several trade treaties with Antioch and Venice. But the golden age of Aleppo was ended with the Mongol invasion in 659/1260 and then began the reign of the Mamluks (659 / 1260 - 922 / 1516) to be followed by the Ottoman Empire (922 / 1516 - 1337 / 1918) and then the modern era.

5.2.2.1- The Ayyubid Rule in Aleppo

5.2.2.2- King al-Zahir Ghazi son of King al-Nasser Saladin

5.2.2.3- The Reason for this Acceptance by the Kings

5.2.2.4- The Fatwas of Some Scholars in Aleppo

5.2.2.5- One Hadith Narrated by the Jinn (Aleppo)

5.2.2.6- The Manifestation of Sincerity (Aleppo)

5.2.2.7- Khalis Ibn Ahmed (Aleppo)

5.2.2.8- Reading the Book of Manifestations (Aleppo, 606/1209)

5.2.2.9- The Period from 606/1209 to 608/1211